I-5 as a Continental Barrier

Species Richness along I-5

The impact of highways on wildlife is well known, with unwanted effects ranging from genetic isolation of populations, wildlife-vehicle collisions, behavioral changes, and more. The UC Davis Road Ecology Center conducted a literature meta-analysis utilizing articles that evaluated the impact of Interstate 5 on 113 native terrestrial mammals.The results of our meta-analysis are invaluable to wildlife research and planning, by providing information on where wildlife connectivity may be impaired, as well as informing researchers where the gaps in research occur, both taxonomically and geographically. Our goal was to examine the impact of linear transportation on wildlife connectivity and whether Interstate 5 could be classified as a continental barrier to mammalian movement.

Project Status
Current Project
Program
Wildlife Movement / Connectivity

Literature

Geographic Region(s) Taxonomic Order Taxonomic Species Associated File(s)
Willamette Valley, Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Rodentia, Soricomorpha Vagrant shrew (Sorex vagrans), Trowbridge's shrew (Sorex trowbridgii), Western harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys megalotis), Dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes), Western red-backed vole (Myodes californicus), California vole (Microtus californicus), Montane vole (Microtus montanus), Townsend's vole (Microtus townsendii), Creeping vole (Microtus oregoni), Heermann's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys heermanni), North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), Northwestern deer mouse (Peromyscus keeni), Pinon deer mouse (Peromyscus truei), Brush deer mouse (Peromyscus boylii), Canyon deer mouse (Peromyscus crinitus) Adams et al. (1983) I5 - Effects of Roads on Small Mammals.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Coyote (Canis latrans) Adducci et al. (2020) OReg - Urban coyotes are genetically distinct from coyotes in natural habitats.pdf
Central Valley Rodentia Giant kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ingens) Alexander et al. (2019) I5 - Generalist dispersal and gene flow of an endangered keystone specialist (Dipodomys ingens).pdf
Sacramento Valley Carnivora Coyote (Canis latrans), Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) Amanda Elise Coen (2021) OReg - Chapter 3- Genetic connectivity detected in two sympatric canids across highways with different usage intensities in California.pdf
Southern California Carnivora, Ungulata Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Coyote (Canis latrans), Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Andrea Gullo (2007) OReg - Case study_ Harbor boulevard Wildlife underpass, Los Angeles County, California.pdf
Northwestern Washington Ungulata Elk (Cervus elaphus) Anna Yost (2014) OReg - GIS Modeling of Elk Habitat Suitability in the North Cascades of Washington State.pdf
Northwestern Washington Carnivora Gray wolf (Canis lupus) Anthony P. Clevenger (2012) OReg - Mitigating Continental Bottlenecks How Small Scale Highway Mitigation Has Large-Scale Impacts.pdf
Southwestern Washington, Willamette Valley, Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Carnivora Fisher (Martes pennanti) Aubry et al. (2003) I5 - Extirpation and reintroduction of fishers (Martes pennanti) in Oregon_ implications for their conservation in the Pacific states.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Carnivora Fisher (Martes pennanti) Aubry et al. (2005) I5 - Martens and Fishers (Martes) in Human-Altered Environments_ Zoogeography, Spacing Patterns, and Dispersal in Fishers.pdf
Southern California Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Coyote (Canis latrans), Desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes), California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi) Avan et al. (2016) I5 - Evaluating Wildlife Use in the Coast to Cleveland Wildlife Corridor in Orange County.pdf
Southwestern Washington, Willamette Valley, Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Carnivora Fisher (Martes pennanti) Barry et al. (2021) I5 - Integrating multi-method surveys and recovery trajectories into occupancy models.pdf
Sacramento Valley Ungulata Elk (Cervus elaphus) Batter et al. (2021) OReg - Assessing genetic diversity and connectivity in a tule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes) metapopulation in Northern California.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains, Sacramento Valley, Central Valley, Southern California BIOS et al. (2024) OReg - Ace Dataset Fact Sheet - Terrestrial Connectivity.pdf
Central Valley, Southern California Carnivora Kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) Bjurlin et al. (2003) I5 - Effects of Roads on San Joaquin Kit Foxes_ A review and Synthesis of Existing Data.pdf
Central Valley Carnivora Kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) Bjurlin et al. (2005) OReg - Urban Roads and the Endangered San Joaquin Kit Fox.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Cougar (Puma concolor) Brandon L. Hoffman (2019) I5 - Mountain Lions and Freeways_ Reconnecting Fragmented Habitat to Reduce Mortality and Increase Genetic Diversity.pdf
Central Valley, Southern California Carnivora Kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) Bremner-Harrison et al. (2007) I5 - Use of Highway Crossing Structures by Kit Foxes.pdf.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Carnivora Fisher (Martes pennanti) Brent R. Barry (2018) I5 - Distribution, Habitat Associations, and Conservation Status of Pacific Fisher (Pekania pennanti) in Oregon..pdf
Southwestern Washington Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Ungulata Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Elk (Cervus elaphus), White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), Coyote (Canis latrans), North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), Raccoon (Procyon lotor), American beaver (Castor canadensis), Bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea), Snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), Northwestern deer mouse (Peromyscus keeni) Brian C. Stewart (2019) I5 - Assessing the permeability of large underpasses and viaducts on Interstate 5 in Southwest Washington State for local wildlife, with an emphasis on ungulates.pdf
Southern California Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Ungulata Little pocket mouse (Perognathus longimembris), Black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), California pocket mouse (Chaetodipus californicus), Stephen's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys stephensi), Desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida), Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Coyote (Canis latrans), California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi), Botta's pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae), Desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), House mouse (Mus musculus), Dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes), North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), Cactus deer mouse (Peromyscus eremicus), San Diego pocket mouse (Chaetodipus fallax), California deer mouse (Peromyscus californicus) Caltrans (2008) I5 - Natural Environment Study Interstate 5 North Coast Corridor Project.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains, Sacramento Valley, Central Valley, Southern California Ungulata Elk (Cervus elaphus) CDFW (2017) I5 - Draft of Elk Conservation and Management Plan Department of Fish and Wildlife.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains, Sacramento Valley, Central Valley, Southern California Ungulata Elk (Cervus elaphus) CDFW (2018) I5 - Elk Conservation and Management Plan.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains, Central Valley, Southern California Carnivora, Ungulata Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Cougar (Puma concolor), Gray wolf (Canis lupus), American black bear (Ursus americanus), Kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) CDFW (2022) I5 - Restoring California's Wildlife Connectivity.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Christopher P. Kozakiewicz (2018) I5 - Landscape factors shaping host connectivity and pathogen dynamics in urban bobcats (Lynx rufus).pdf
Southern California Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Coyote (Canis latrans), Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi), Brush deer mouse (Peromyscus boylii), Cactus deer mouse (Peromyscus eremicus), California deer mouse (Peromyscus californicus), Canyon deer mouse (Peromyscus crinitus), Northern Baja deer mouse (Peromyscus fraterculus), Pinon deer mouse (Peromyscus truei), Big-eared woodrat (Neotoma macrotis), Desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida), Dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes), North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) Clark et al. (2019) I5 - Irvine Spectrum Wildlife Corridor Camera Monitoring Project.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains, Sacramento Valley, Central Valley, Southern California Carnivora, Ungulata Coyote (Canis latrans), Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Collins et al. (2020) I5 - Conservation Strategies that Address Habitat Loss and Fragmentation_ Implications for Forest Cover Change and Wildlife Behavior.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains, Sacramento Valley, Central Valley, Southern California Carnivora, Ungulata Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Coyote (Canis latrans) Collins et al. (2022) I5 - Behavioral responses to anthropogenic noise at highways vary across temporal scales.pdf
Central Valley Carnivora Kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) Constable et al. (2009) I5 - Conservation of San Joaquin Kit Foxes in Western Merced County, California.pdf
Central Valley, Southern California Carnivora Kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) Cypher et al. (2005) OReg - Effects of Two-Lane Roads on Endangered San Joaquin Kit Foxes.pdf
Central Valley, Southern California Carnivora Kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) Cypher et al. (2010) OReg - Effects of Roads on Endangered San Joaquin Kit Foxes.pdf
Central Valley Carnivora Kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) Cypher et al. (2011) I5 - Suitability of Potential Reintroduction Sites for San Joaquin Kit Foxes.pdf
Willamette Valley Carnivora, Rodentia, Soricomorpha, Ungulata North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), Townsend's vole (Microtus townsendii), Vagrant shrew (Sorex vagrans), American beaver (Castor canadensis), Coyote (Canis latrans), Townsend's chipmunk (Tamias townsendii), Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Ermine (Mustela erminea), Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) de Rivera (2010) OReg - The Effectiveness of Vertebrate Passage and Prevention Structures_ A Study of Boeckman Road in Wilsonville.pdf
Willamette Valley, Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Ungulata Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) de Rivera et al. (2022) I5 - Visualizing Connectivity for Wildlife in a World Without Roads.pdf
Southern California Carnivora, Rodentia, Ungulata American badger (Taxidea taxus), American black bear (Ursus americanus), Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Coyote (Canis latrans), Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Cougar (Puma concolor), Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Ermine (Mustela erminea), Long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata), Botta's pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae) Deanna D. Wilson (2012) I5 - Hotspot Analysis of Road Kill in Southern California_ A GIS Approach.pdf
Southwestern Washington Rodentia Western pocket gopher (Thomomys mazama) Derek W. Stinson (2005) OReg - Draft Washington State Status Report for the Mazama Pocket Gopher, Streaked Horned Lark, and Taylor's Checkerspot.pdf
Southwestern Washington Rodentia Western pocket gopher (Thomomys mazama) Derek W. Stinson (2020) I5 - Mazama Pocket Gopher Recovery Plan and Periodic Status Review.pdf
Southern California Carnivora, Ungulata Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Devaughn Lee Fraser (2017) I5 - Impacts of Anthropogenic Activities on Wild Species_ An Evaluation of Environmental Stressors Associated with Urban and Agricultural Land Use on Bobcats, Mule Deer and Bats in Sout.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Carnivora, Ungulata Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Elk (Cervus elaphus), Cougar (Puma concolor) Dominick A. DellaSala (2002) I5 - The Importance of Landscape Connectivity for Protecting The Monument as a Biological Crossroads.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains, Sacramento Valley, Central Valley, Southern California Carnivora Cougar (Puma concolor) Ernest et al. (2002) I5 - Genetic structure of mountain lion (Puma concolor) populations in California.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Cougar (Puma concolor) Ernest et al. (2014) OReg - Fractured Genetic Connectivity Threatens a Southern California Puma (Puma concolor) Population.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Carnivora Gray wolf (Canis lupus), Fisher (Martes pennanti) Evan Frost (2018) I5 - A Review and Synthesis of Ecological Connectivity Assessments Relevent to the Cascade-Siskiyou Landscape in Southwest Oregon and Adjacent California.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Carnivora Fisher (Martes pennanti) Farber et al. (2006) OReg - Cooperative Mesocarnivore Surveys for the Upper and West Fork of Beaver Creek watersheds in interior Northern California.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Fountain-Jones et al. (2017) I5 - Urban landscapes can change virus gene flow and evolution in a fragmentation-sensitive carnivore.pdf
Southern California Ungulata Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Fraser et al. (2019) I5 - Connectivity of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations in a highly fragmented urban landscape.pdf
Southern California Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Ungulata Coyote (Canis latrans), Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi), Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), American badger (Taxidea taxus) Freidin et al. (2011) OReg - Wildlife Use of the Los Pinetos Underpass Santa Clarita, California.pdf
Northwestern Washington Carnivora American black bear (Ursus americanus) Gaines et al. (2005) OReg - Landscape evaluation of female black bear habitat effectiveness and capability in the North Cascades, Washington.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Cougar (Puma concolor) Glenn Lukos Associates (2017) OReg - Biological Technical Report The Property at 6459 & 6443 W. Innsdale Drive City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Ungulata Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Hatch et al. (2007) I5 - Final report on Oregon Wildlife Linkage workshops hosted by ODFW in 2007.pdf
Willamette Valley, Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Rodentia Red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) Heinrichs et al. (2023) I5 - Characterizing long-term population conditions of the elusive red tree vole with dynamic individual-based modeling.pdf
Jackson et al. (2000) OReg - A Strategy for Mitigating Highway Impacts on Wildlife.pdf
Southwestern Washington, Willamette Valley, Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Carnivora Gray wolf (Canis lupus) Jacob L. Mesler (2015) I5 - Modeling habitat suitability and connectivity of gray wolf (Canis lupus) populations in the Pacific Northwest.pdf
Northwestern Washington, Southwestern Washington, Willamette Valley Ungulata White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Jeffrey M. Azerrad (2016) I5 - Periodic Status Review for the Columbian White-tailed Deer.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains, Sacramento Valley, Central Valley, Southern California Carnivora American black bear (Ursus americanus) Joy Gaines (2022) I5 - Genotyping by Sequencing in Wildlife Forensics_ Using High-Throughput Microsatellite Sequencing to Identify Allele Variants in American Black Bears (Ursus americanus).pdf
Southern California Carnivora Cougar (Puma concolor) Justin S. Lee (2013) I5 - The molecular ecology and evolution of Puma lentivirus in bobcats and mountain lions in North America.pdf
Northwestern Washington, Southwestern Washington, Willamette Valley, Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Kathy M. Martin (2001) OReg - Wildlife in alpine and sub-alpine habitats.pdf
Northwestern Washington, Southwestern Washington, Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains, Sacramento Valley, Central Valley, Southern California Ungulata Elk (Cervus elaphus), Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Kauffman et al. (2022) OReg - Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States, Volume 3.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Coyote (Canis latrans), Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) Kelcey Stricker (2015) OReg - The Effect of Interstate 15 on Mammalian Communities in Southern California's Conserved Lands.pdf
Willamette Valley, Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Ungulata Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Kevyn A. Groot (2015) I5 - Historic Survival Rates and Cause-Specific Mortality for Columbian Black-Tailed Deer in Southwest Oregon.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Kozakiewicz et al. (2019) I5 - Urbanization reduces genetic connectivity in bobcats (Lynx rufus) at both intra– and interpopulation spatial scales.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Kozakiewicz et al. (2020) I5 - Does the virus cross the road_ Viral phylogeographic patterns among bobcat populations reflect a history of urban development.pdf
Northwestern Washington Carnivora Coyote (Canis latrans) Kreling et al. (2024) I5 - City divided_ Unveiling family ties and genetic structuring of coyotes in Seattle.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Ungulata Elk (Cervus elaphus) Lanman et al. (2022) I5 - Road and highway undercrossings as potential critical linkages for California's elk populations RESEARCH NOTE.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Coyote (Canis latrans) Larson et al. (2020) I5 - Effects of urbanization of resource use and individual specialization in coyotes (Canis latrans) in southern California.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Lee et al. (2012) I5 - Gene flow and pathogen transmission among bobcats (Lynx rufus) in a fragmented urban landscape.pdf
Willamette Valley Carnivora, Rodentia, Ungulata Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Elk (Cervus elaphus), American black bear (Ursus americanus), Bobcat (Lynx rufus), North American river otter (Lontra canadensis), American beaver (Castor canadensis), Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Lloyd et al. (2005) OReg - Wildlife Hot Spots along Highways in Northwestern Oregon (1).pdf
Northwestern Washington, Southwestern Washington Ungulata Elk (Cervus elaphus), White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Marion Carey (2001) OReg - Addressing Wildlife Mortality on Highways in Washington.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains, Sacramento Valley Carnivora American marten (Martes americana) Martin et al. (2021) OReg - Landscape seasonality influences the resource selection of a snow-adapted forest carnivore, the Pacific marten.pdf
Northwestern Washington, Southwestern Washington Carnivora Cougar (Puma concolor) Matthew J. Warren (2013) I5 - Cougar genetic variation and gene flow in a heterogeneous landscape.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains, Sacramento Valley, Central Valley, Southern California Ungulata Elk (Cervus elaphus) Meredith et al. (2007) I5 - Microsatellite Analysis of Three Subspecies of Elk (Cervus elaphus) in California.pdf
Southern California Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Ungulata Black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Coyote (Canis latrans), Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), Cougar (Puma concolor), Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi), Brush deer mouse (Peromyscus boylii), Cactus deer mouse (Peromyscus eremicus), California deer mouse (Peromyscus californicus), Canyon deer mouse (Peromyscus crinitus), Northern Baja deer mouse (Peromyscus fraterculus), Pinon deer mouse (Peromyscus truei), Little pocket mouse (Perognathus longimembris), San Joaquin pocket mouse (Perognathus inornatus), White-eared pocket mouse (Perognathus alticola), Agile kangaroo rat (Dipodomys agilis), Dulzura kangaroo rat (Dipodomys simulans), Heermann's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys heermanni), Panamint kangaroo rat (Dipodomys panamintinus), San Joaquin kangaroo rat (Dipodomys nitratoides), Stephen's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys stephensi), Big-eared woodrat (Neotoma macrotis), Desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), Dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes), Desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida), North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) Michelle L. Murphy (2011) OReg - Evaluating Wildlife Corridor Linkages_ Do Freeway Underpasses Connect the Peninsular and Transverse Mountain Ranges.pdf
Southwestern Washington Rodentia, Soricomorpha Northwestern deer mouse (Peromyscus keeni), North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), Long-tailed vole (Microtus longicaudus), Southern red-backed vole (Myodes gapperi), Northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus), American water shrew (Sorex palustris), Baird's shrew (Sorex bairdi), Dusky shrew (Sorex monticolus), Marsh shrew (Sorex bendirii), Vagrant shrew (Sorex vagrans), Townsend's chipmunk (Tamias townsendii) Millward et al. (2020) OReg - Reconnecting Small Mammal Populations in the Cascade Range Across an Interstate Highway_ An Early Look at Use of a Wildlife Crossing Structure.pdf
Southern California Ungulata Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Mitelberg et al. (2019) I5 - DNA Fingerprinting of Southern Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus fuliginatus) in North San Diego County, California (2018–19).pdf
Willamette Valley, Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Carnivora Fisher (Martes pennanti) Moriarty et al. (2017) I5 - Pacific Fisher Distribution and Carnivore Monitoring Summer Protocol 2017.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) Nancy Frost (2005) OReg - San Joaquin Kit Fox Home Range, Habitat Use, and Movements in Urban Bakersfield.pdf
Central Valley Rodentia Giant kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ingens) Nathan Alexander (2016) I5 - Genetic Structure and Connectivity of The Endangered Giant Kangaroo Rat (Dipodemys ingens) in a Heterogeneous Environment.pdf
Southern California Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Ungulata California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi), Desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis), Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Coyote (Canis latrans), Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Cougar (Puma concolor), Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Brush deer mouse (Peromyscus boylii), Cactus deer mouse (Peromyscus eremicus), California deer mouse (Peromyscus californicus), Canyon deer mouse (Peromyscus crinitus), North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), Northern Baja deer mouse (Peromyscus fraterculus), Pinon deer mouse (Peromyscus truei), Big-eared woodrat (Neotoma macrotis), Desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida), Dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes) Ng et al. (2003) OReg - Use of highway undercrossings by wildlife in southern California.pdf
Willamette Valley, Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Carnivora Gray wolf (Canis lupus) ODFW (2019) I5 - Oregon Wolf Conservation and Management Plan.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Cougar (Puma concolor) Paul Beier (1995) I5 - Dispersal of Juvenile Cougars in Fragmented Habitat.pdf
Northwestern Washington, Southern California Carnivora Cougar (Puma concolor) Paul Beier (2009) OReg - A focal species for conservation planning.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Ungulata Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Elk (Cervus elaphus), Fisher (Martes pennanti), American black bear (Ursus americanus), Cougar (Puma concolor), Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Coyote (Canis latrans), Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), Red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Ermine (Mustela erminea), Black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), Douglas's squirrel (Tamiasciurus douglasii), Western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus), California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi), Bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea), Dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes) Penrod et al. (2022) I5 - Cascade-Siskiyou Connectivity Symposium.pdf
Southern California Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia Brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani), Coyote (Canis latrans), San Diego pocket mouse (Chaetodipus fallax), Black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), Desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida), Stephen's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys stephensi) Preston et al. (2007) OReg - California State Department of Transportation and Center for Conservation Biology_ WRC MSCHP Niche Model Task Order.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Coyote (Canis latrans) Rachel N. Larson (2019) I5 - Urbanization and Its Effects on Resource Use and Individual Specialization in Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Southern California.pdf
Willamette Valley Carnivora, Ungulata Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Elk (Cervus elaphus), American black bear (Ursus americanus), Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Reed F. Noss (1993) OReg - A Conservation Plan for the Oregon Coast Range_ Some Preliminary Suggestions.pdf
Willamette Valley Ungulata White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Ricca (2000) I5 - Movements, Habitat Associations, and Survival of Columbian White-tailed deer in Western Oregon.pdf
Willamette Valley Ungulata White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Ricca et al. (2002) I5 - Survival of Columbian White-Tailed Deer in Western Oregon.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Coyote (Canis latrans) Riley et al. (2006) OReg - A southern California freeway is a physical and social barrier to gene flow in carnivores.pdf
Southwestern Washington, Willamette Valley, Central Valley Ungulata Elk (Cervus elaphus) Ruediger et al. (2005) I5 - Effects of highways on elk (Cervus elaphus) habitat in the Western United States and proposed mitigation approaches.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Ruell et al. (2012) I5 - Urban Habitat Fragmentation and Genetic Population Structure of Bobcats in Coastal Southern California.pdf
Sacramento Valley, Central Valley Carnivora Coyote (Canis latrans) Sacks et al. (2004) OReg - Population structure of California coyotes corresponds to habitat-specific breaks and illuminates species history.pdf
Sacramento Valley Carnivora Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) Sacks et al. (2010) OReg - North American montane red foxes; expansion, fragmentation, and the origin of the Sacramento Valley red fox.pdf
Southern California Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Ungulata Coyote (Canis latrans), Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi), Cougar (Puma concolor) Sebastian T. Miller (2024) I5 - Effectiveness of Informal Passages in Facilitating Wildlife Movement Across Interstate 5 Freeway in Southern California.pdf
Northwestern Washington Ungulata Elk (Cervus elaphus) Sevigny et al. (2021) OReg - Identification of Elk‐vehicle incident hotspots on state route 20 in Washington State.pdf
Southern California Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Ungulata Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Coyote (Canis latrans), Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Cougar (Puma concolor), Desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii) Sheik Moinuddin (2021) OReg - Wildlife Crossing Over Route 101 and the Benefits and Challenges it Presents.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains, Sacramento Valley, Central Valley, Southern California Carnivora, Rodentia, Ungulata Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), American black bear (Ursus americanus), American beaver (Castor canadensis), Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Shilling et al. (2015) I5 - Wildlife-vehicle collision hotspots at US highway extents_ scale and data source effects.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia Shadow chipmunk (Tamias senex), Siskiyou chipmunk (Tamias siskiyou), Sonoma chipmunk (Tamias sonomae), Townsend's chipmunk (Tamias townsendii), Yellow-pine chipmunk (Tamias amoenus), American black bear (Ursus americanus), Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani), Coyote (Canis latrans), Desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), Douglas's squirrel (Tamiasciurus douglasii), Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), Red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata), Sewellel (Aplodontia rufa), Cougar (Puma concolor), Northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus), Yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) Shilling et al. (2018) I5 - Wildlife-Crossing Mitigation Effectiveness with Traffic Noise and Light_0.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains, Sacramento Valley, Central Valley, Southern California Shilling et al. (2019) I5 - Automated Analysis of Wildlife-Vehicle Conflict Hotspots Using Carcass and Collision Data.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains, Sacramento Valley, Southern California Carnivora, Ungulata Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Coyote (Canis latrans) Shilling et al. (2020) I5 - Understanding Behavioral Responses of Wildlife to Traffic to Improve Mitigation Planning.pdf
Southwestern Washington Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Ungulata Elk (Cervus elaphus), Coyote (Canis latrans), North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), Northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus), Snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), Bobcat (Lynx rufus), American marten (Martes americana), American black bear (Ursus americanus), Western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis), Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata), Ermine (Mustela erminea), Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Red fox (Vulpes vulpes), North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), Northwestern deer mouse (Peromyscus keeni), Townsend's chipmunk (Tamias townsendii), Pacific jumping mouse (Zapus trinotatus), Bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea), Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Cougar (Puma concolor) Singleton et al. (1999) OReg - Assessing Wildlife Habitat Connectivity in the Interstate 90 Snoqualmie Pass Corridor, Washington.pdf
Northwestern Washington, Southwestern Washington Carnivora Gray wolf (Canis lupus), Wolverine (Gulo gulo) Singleton et al. (2001) I5 - Using weighted distance and least-cost corridor analysis to evaluate regional-scale large carnivore habitat connectivity in Washington.pdf
Central Valley, Southern California Carnivora Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Smith et al. (2020) I5 - Carnivore population structure across an urbanization gradient_ a regional analysis of bobcats in southern California.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Carnivora American marten (Martes americana), Fisher (Martes pennanti), Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) Spencer et al. (2012) OReg - Decision-Support Maps And Recommendations for Conserving Rare Carnivores In the Interior Mountains of California.pdf
Northwestern Washington Sulenes et al. (2013) I5 - Squalicum Creek Re-Route Environmental Impact Assessment.pdf
Willamette Valley, Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Carnivora Gray wolf (Canis lupus) Ted Larsen (2004) OReg - Modeling Gray Wolf Habitat in Oregon Using a Geographic Information System.pdf
Willamette Valley, Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Carnivora Fisher (Martes pennanti) Tim L. Hiller (2015) I5 - Feasibility Assessment for the Reintroduction of Fishers in Western Oregon, USA.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Tracey et al. (2014) I5 - An agent-based movement model to assess the impact of landscape fragmentation on disease transmission.pdf
Northwestern Washington, Southwestern Washington Carnivora Cougar (Puma concolor) Warren et al. (2016) I5 - Forest Cover Mediates Genetic Connectivity of Northwestern Cougars.pdf
Northwestern Washington, Southwestern Washington Carnivora, Ungulata White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Elk (Cervus elaphus), Cougar (Puma concolor), American black bear (Ursus americanus) WFDW (2012) OReg - 2012 Game Status and Trend Report.pdf
Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains Carnivora, Rodentia White-footed vole (Arborimus albipes), Fisher (Martes pennanti) Wittenberg et al. (1999) I5 - Middle Cow Creek Watershed Analysis.pdf
Northwestern Washington, Southwestern Washington Carnivora Cougar (Puma concolor) Wultsch et al. (2023) I5 - Genetic diversity, gene flow, and source-sink dynamics of cougars in the Pacific Northwest.pdf
Southern California Carnivora Cougar (Puma concolor) Zeller et al. (2017) OReg - Mountain Lion (Puma concolor) Connectivity in the North San Diego County Multi-Species Conservation Plan Area.pdf
Northwestern Washington, Southwestern Washington Carnivora Cougar (Puma concolor) Zeller et al. (2022) I5 - Accounting for sex‐specifc diferences in gene fow and functional connectivity for cougars and implications for management.pdf
Northwestern Washington, Southwestern Washington, Willamette Valley, Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains, Sacramento Valley Carnivora American marten (Martes americana) Zielinski et al. (2001) OReg - Status of American martens in coastal forests of the Pacific States.pdf